{"id":19123,"date":"2025-01-01T06:16:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T06:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elailan.com\/?p=19123"},"modified":"2025-01-01T06:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T06:16:07","slug":"the-hemudu-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elailan.com\/ja\/2025\/01\/01\/the-hemudu-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"The Hemudu Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Hemudu Culture is one of the earliest known primitive cultures in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, dating back to approximately 5000\u20133000 BCE according to carbon-14 dating. It was first discovered in 1973 in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, from which it derives its name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Hemudu Culture was mainly distributed in the Ning-Shao Plain south of Hangzhou Bay, with findings also on the Zhoushan Archipelago. Based on artifacts unearthed during two official excavations from 1973 to 1978, agricultural practices were well developed. Tools like bone spades were used for ditching, irrigation, and building ridges and fields. The site revealed large deposits of rice grains, rice leaves, and other grasses, which have been identified as indica rice. Additionally, evidence of hunting, fishing, and gathering was abundant, including wild animals and collected fruits and seeds. Apart from pigs and dogs, water buffaloes may also have been domesticated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key Features of the Hemudu Culture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Pottery Characteristics<\/strong>
    The pottery was relatively homogeneous, with most pieces being charcoal-tempered black pottery. Production methods were still primitive, relying on handcrafting techniques. The shapes were irregular, walls were thick, and the pottery was fired at low temperatures, resulting in coarse and porous textures. Charcoal-tempered black pottery is the representative artifact of Hemudu Culture. Unlike the black pottery of the Longshan Culture, it was intentionally made by incorporating carbonized plant stems and rice husks into mica-rich clay. Microscopic analysis shows that the plant materials were likely burned and carbonized before being mixed with the clay. The particles were generally less than a millimeter in size, and there were no large shrinkage pores around them. It is speculated that these materials were added to reduce the clay\u2019s stickiness and to minimize cracking due to drying or firing shrinkage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Pottery Forms and Decoration<\/strong>
    The most common pottery forms include cauldrons and jars, along with plates, cups, basins, bowls, lids, and stands. The cauldrons and stands are particularly representative. The cauldrons came in various forms\u2014contracted rims, flared rims, and open mouths. Some cauldrons had an octagonal rim with leaf patterns on the exterior. Certain plates were hexagonal with continuous leaf-shaped designs on the edges. These pieces were aesthetically pleasing in both form and decoration.
    The stands were distinct from other pottery types, typically gray in color, with smooth surfaces and no added tempering materials. They were roughly square or cylindrical and often showed signs of smoke inside, suggesting their use as supports for firing pottery. Many pottery pieces featured polished surfaces, intricate cord patterns, and carved designs, as well as relief sculptures of animals and painted decorations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Carved and Painted Patterns<\/strong>
    The carved patterns primarily depicted plant motifs or variations that formed various designs, often on the rims of large cauldrons. Some resembled lizards with lively, realistic expressions. Pig motifs were particularly vivid and expressive, providing valuable insights for studying the evolution of ancient pig breeds. A few basins featured patterns resembling fish, aquatic plants, and waterfowl.
    Animal motifs were common on bowl rims, while cord patterns were primarily found on the rounded bases of cauldrons. Painted pottery had unique designs: after applying a layer of gray-white clay over the cord-patterned black pottery, black-brown or coffee-colored motifs of deformed plants and animals were added. Although the shapes were not highly regular, the designs and decorative patterns of some pottery items were strikingly distinctive and beautiful. For instance, the eighteen-sided cauldron and the hexagonal plate mentioned earlier can be considered masterpieces of the time.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The Hemudu Culture is one of the earliest known primitive cultures in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, dating<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Hemudu Culture - Experience Better Goods -Elailan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elailan.com\/ja\/2025\/01\/01\/the-hemudu-culture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ja_JP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Hemudu Culture - Experience Better Goods -Elailan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Hemudu Culture is one of the earliest known primitive cultures in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, dating\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.elailan.com\/ja\/2025\/01\/01\/the-hemudu-culture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Experience Better Goods -Elailan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-01T06:16:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-01T06:16:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elailan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u57f7\u7b46\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elailan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u63a8\u5b9a\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\u6642\u9593\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3\u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elailan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/pt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7240adc3cb7a50156b07cadeec460c88\"},\"headline\":\"The Hemudu Culture\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-01T06:16:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-01T06:16:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":574,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/pt\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ja\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.elailan.com\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/01\\\/the-hemudu-culture\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Hemudu Culture - 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